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Telecommunications and Network Security

Network security is one of the hottest topics of today. And not without reason do people consider so. Telecommunication and network has faced a great number of attacks during the last decade. It does not mean that earlier programmers and security professional had no such a problem. The point is recently the development of technologies has lead to new possibilities, which are used not only for benefit but also for harm. Hackers have activated and filled the World Wide Web with harmful and malicious software. Now it is clear why lots of companies and organizations need security professionals which should be qualified and intelligent enough to cope with a problem. It was then that the idea of CISSP examination was offered by ISC organization. The CISSP exam has gained world popularity. It includes 10 security domains that cover all the necessary subject areas. These security domains are the following:
• Access Control & Methodology
• Applications & Systems Development
• Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning
• Cryptography
• Law, Investigation & Ethics
• Operations Security
• Physical Security
• Security Architecture & Models
• Security Management Practices
• Telecommunications & Network Security

Let’s take a good look at the last domain that has a name Telecommunication & Network Security. This domain is devoted to the security of data and voice communications. Its goal is to understand the nature of such models as Open Systems Interconnect and Transmission Control Protocol. The protection is realized by means of firewalls, protection system and so on.
At first, it is necessary to mention the term transport layer. It carries out two functions: it can transform the data from applications to the format that will suit the  network. This process is also known as encapsulation. And on the contrary, it unpacks the data from the network so that to use it for applications. This process is commonly known as abstraction.
These transport layer functions can be realized by a number of protocols. Some transport layer protocols are connection oriented while others are connectionless. Let me enumerate some of them.
Transmission Control Protocol, a protocol mentioned above, is a connection oriented protocol, which is dedicated to secure delivery over the Internet.
Stream Control Transmission Protocol, or SCTP, is a connection oriented protocol used for providing such facilities as multi-streaming and multi-homing. It is aimed at the best redundancy and performance. The protocol is also used in Linux operation system.
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol, or DCCP, is utilized for congestion control. Among its applications there are video, telephony and audio streaming in the Internet.
I can’t but saying about Internet layer also known as Network. As any other layer it has its own functions, protocols and methods, which are all aimed at facilitating communication between diverse Internet layers, or networks. Internet layer protocols realize such functions as passing the outgoing data through the gateway to the other layer, passing the incoming data to a transport layer and providing for both outgoing and ingoing data diagnostics and error protection. Here I can enumerate such protocols as Internet Communication Message Protocol, Internet Protocol Security, Internet Protocol, Internet Group Management Protocol and so on. Let’s consider Internet Protocol here. It is a connectionless protocol that is dedicated to sending data from one computer, known as host as well, to another. There are two versions of Internet Protocol: Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
The protocols and specifications used for host linking make up a link layer. Among the protocols that function on the link layer there are the following:
Neighbor Discovery Protocol, or NDP, is utilized in Internet Protocol version 6 internet layer, and is used for verifying neighbor hosts.
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, or RARP, is necessary to acquire IP addresses on the base of hardware addresses.
Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, on the contrary, identifies hardware address having IP address. This protocol operates in the Internet layer of the OSI and the link layer of TCP. It is applied for transforming an IP address into the Ethernet Media Access Control address.
It is worth mentioning that network security is different for diverse types of users and purposes. It depends on dimensions of the network and business. If it is a home or a small office computer, the only thing you need to protect a computer is to install a basic firewall, an antivirus and create passwords for each account. But those who have a large business, see to it that a strong firewall and antivirus software should be installed, security fences and guards are necessary as well.